A Brief Consideration of COLLECTED GHOST STORIES by M. R. James

In any thoughtful consideration of supernatural horror of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries, the great tradition of English ghost tales is represented foremost by Montague Rhodes James and his Collected Ghost Stories. I was long aware of the name but my introduction to his work came from the BBC's production of "Number 13," part of M.R. James' Ghost Stories for Christmas short series starring Christopher Lee as James reading an adaptation of the tale.

I was hooked.

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Collected Ghost Stories by M. R. James is a collection of short tales originally published between 1904 and 1931. These 30 (31st is a commentary by James on his stories) tales are presented, for the most part, in the order in which they were previously published. This edition was published in 2007 by Wordsworth Editions and is part of the Tales of Mystery and the Supernatural series. A fine series of reprints and collections which, as I have stated in previous posts, I wholeheartedly endorse.

The General Editor of the Wordsworth's Tales of Mystery & the Supernatural series is David Stuart Davies, a noted expert on Sherlock Holmes. Davies also wrote the Introduction to this volume.

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M. R. James circa 1900.

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Montague Rhodes James was born in August 1862, the son of a vicar. M. R. James attended Eton College as a boy. Following Eton, James went on to study at King's College, Cambridge where he became a distinguished medievalist, scholar and antiquarian, publishing extensively on these topics. Later, he would return to Eton as Provost from 1918 until his death in 1936.

A few highlights of his professional career include:

• 1894 to 1908 – Director of Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
• 1905 to 1918 – Provost of King's College, Cambridge
• 1913 to 1915 – Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University
• 1918 to 1936 – Provost of Eton College.

Montague Rhodes James passed away in June 1936 at Eton.

*

M. R. James began writing ghost stories as a distraction from his academic work and as entertainment for his friends and colleagues. In October 1893, he first offered to read one of his supernatural stories to his colleagues at King's. The tale presented was an early version of "Canon Alberic's Scrapbook." This event became the first of many such gatherings. It is unknown when the custom of James narrating one of his supernatural stories at Christmas time began. It was well-established, though, by 1903 when he gave his audience the terrifying "Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad".

In the introduction to this volume, David Stuart Davies related an account of one of these gatherings by Oliffe Richmond, an attendee at an early Christmas reading. He described briefly the event in his unpublished memoirs:

Monty disappeared into his bedroom. We sat and waited in the candlelight . . . Monty emerged from his bedroom, manuscript in hand, at last, blew out all the candles but one, by which he seated himself. He then began to read, with more confidence than anyone else could have mustered, his well-nigh illegible script in the dim light.[i]

*

One of the more common traits, or themes, running throughout much of James' supernatural tales is " . . . in general, James's tales are set in the halls of academia, ancient abbeys or the lonely, isolated locales of his beloved East Coast . . ."[ii] In these stories, the protagonist is, more often than not, if not an academic in actuality, certainly of a scholarly bent.

During his lifetime, James published four collections of his supernatural tales.

• Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904)
• More Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1911)
• A Thin Ghost and Others (1919)
• A Warning to the Curious and Other Ghost Stories (1925)

The present work, originally published in 1931, is a combination of the above four plus a few more stories that completed the list of his supernatural fiction with the exception of " . . . three which were published in magazines after this collection had appeared . . . They are ‘The Experiment’ (1931), ‘The Malice of Inanimate Objects’ (1933) and ‘A Vignette’ (1936)."[iii]

*

Below is a listing of the stories contained in this collection, together with a few comments and observations which I thought pertinent.

List of tales in this collection:

From Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904)

• "Canon Alberic's Scrap-Book" – Reminiscent of the Japanese "The Ring." A scrapbook's lawful owner is haunted by a supernatural thing.
• "Lost Hearts" – A cruel relative to a recent orphan, dark rites and the vengeance of the dead.
• "The Mezzotint" – Goings on in a university museum concerning a mysterious work of art with a terror to tell.
• "The Ash Tree" – A witch has many means to exact revenge on a squire's heirs. I really hate spiders.
• "Number 13" – A scholarly sort is staying in room number 12.
• "Count Magnus" – For a travel-writer, curiosity or "over-inquisitiveness" is not always an admirable trait.
• "'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'" – A professor disapproves of talk of ghosts. Until, while on holiday, he encounters one.
• "The Treasure of Abbot Thomas" – Buried treasure is sometimes buried for a good reason.

From More Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1911)

• "A School Story" – Boys like to tell each other made-up ghost stories. But what if they are true?
• "The Rose Garden" – In digging up the soil for a new rose garden, be mindful of what might be disturbed.
• "The Tractate Middoth" – A young librarian finds himself part of a mystery involving a possible haunted book and ownership of a great estate.
• "Casting the Runes" – Some folks take professional criticism personally. Especially demon worshippers. This story was the basis for the 1957 Hammer horror film, Night of the Demon (UK) or Curse of the Demon (USA).
• "The Stalls of Barchester Cathedral" – Evil is visited upon he who committed evil deed.
• "Martin's Close" – A centuries-old transcript of a murder trial reveals that the murderer is tormented by the murdered.
• "Mr Humphreys and His Inheritance" – Sometimes a legacy from an unknown relative is not a good thing.

From A Thin Ghost and Others (1919)

• "The Residence at Whitminster" – The narrator states that this tale is gathered from journals and letters. While innocence can be corrupted, wickedness lingers (as those who come after find out).
• "The Diary of Mr Poynter" – The chance find of an old diary coupled with a nagging aunt leads to adventures with fabric swatches and paranormal hair. Oh, well. It's only money.
• "An Episode of Cathedral History" – Sometimes modernizing an old cathedral is really not the best idea.
• "The Story of a Disappearance and an Appearance" – An epistolary tale of a missing relative and a travelling Punch and Judy show which may have nothing to do with the mystery.
• "Two Doctors" – A found manuscript tale of a partial collection of interviews regarding an investigation into the mysterious death of a doctor.

From A Warning to the Curious, and Other Ghost Stories (1925)

• "The Haunted Dolls' House" – A haunted doll house that at one a.m. each night relates a tale of murder.
• "The Uncommon Prayer-Book" – A forgotten chapel. Several mysterious prayer books are stolen. The thief pays a heavy price.
• "A Neighbour's Landmark" – A supposedly haunted former woodland from long ago may be haunted still. Though by whom or by what, no one knows.
• "A View from a Hill" – A set of necromantic binoculars can really aid an archaeologist to dig in the most advantageous spots.
• "A Warning to the Curious" – A cautionary tale. Some buried treasures are best left buried. And some transgressions can not be forgiven.
• "An Evening's Entertainment" – A grandmother relates a cautionary tale to her grandchildren just before bedtime.

From The Collected Ghost Stories of M.R. James (1931)

• "There Was a Man Dwelt by a Churchyard" – A tale of grave robbing set within another tale.
• "Rats" – A locked room in a picturesque inn is an irresistible lure to the curious, much to his regret.
• "After Dark in the Playing Fields" – Owls and sprites and other things, oh my!
• "Wailing Well" – The moral of this story - Pay heed to the admonitions of your elders. They know of what they speak.
• "Stories I Have Tried to Write" – Snippets and ideas of tales that the author was unable to develop into full stories.

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The impact that M. R. James has upon the field of horror fiction is felt even today. One of my favorite contemporary horror writers is a gentleman named Michael Whitehouse. Later this year he is planning to release Ghost Stories of a Contemporary as a kind of homage to James, Whitehouse's favorite author.

Mark Gatiss, most commonly known for his role as Mycroft on the BBC series Sherlock, is a life-long horror enthusiast and has starred in several horror documentaries. On December 25, 2013, the BBC aired a new documentary by Gatiss called M. R. James: Ghost Writer. Both the program and Gatiss explore "the work of James and look at how his work still inspires contemporary horror today."[iv]

Acclaimed weird fantasist Clark Ashton Smith of California wrote an article in consideration of M. R. James' The Collected Ghost Stories (1931). Initially published as "The Weird Works of M.R. James" in The Fantasy Fan dated February 1934. This piece, among many salient points, reinforced the idea of the unsurpassed status of James in the genre of supernatural horror fiction. I heartily commend this article to your reading. A link is provided to an online version of a 1973 reprint. (here)

 

Until I began the background research for this post, I had not realized that, for years now, I already possessed examples of James' scholarly writing. In the 4-volume Encyclopaedia Biblica, James is recorded in the list of contributors; though, there was no way to isolate what articles James wrote. In both Volume 1 (1899) and volume 2 (1903), James was indicated as "Litt. D., Fellow & Dean of King's College."

I had read several of M. R. James tales before reading this book and enjoyed them. Thus, it came as no surprise how much pleasure I received from this collection.

 

 

 

References

 

Print Resources

James, Montague Rhodes. Collected Ghost Stories. Wordsworth Editions: Hertfordshire, 2007.

Digital Resources

–

Online Resources

Kraft, Robert. "Bibliography of the Scholarly and Other Writings of M. R. James (1862-1936)," Directory of Materials Relating to the Montague Rhodes James Project(s). 2004, accessed 28 April 2017. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rak//publics/mrjames/MRJBIBL.htm

James, M.R., “Collected Ghost Stories,” A Thin Ghost, accessed April 25, 2017, http://www.thin-ghost.org/items/show/76

Lezard, Nicholas. "Collected Ghost Stories by MR James – review." The Guardian, 1 October 2013, accessed 25 April 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/oct/01/collected-ghost-stories-mr-james-review

Martin, Tim. "Collected Ghost Stories by M R James: review." The Telegraph, 28 October 2011, accessed 24 April 2017. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/8853072/Collected-Ghost-Stories-by-M-R-James-review.html

"M. R. James." Wikipedia, accessed 22 April 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._R._James

MR James: Ghost Writer. Youtube.com. 15 April 2014, accessed 25 April 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOGZ4WQT2vg

Sims, Liam. "The Ghostly World of M. R. James," Cambridge University Library Special Collections. 12 June 2015, accessed 28 April 2017. https://specialcollections.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=10334

Smith, Clark Ashton. "The Weird Works of M. R. James," Planets and Dimensions: Collected Essays: Criticism in the Bibliography of Clark Ashton Smith, Wolfe, Charles K. (editor). Mirage Press. 1973. Accessed 27 April 2017. http://www.eldritchdark.com/writings/bibliography/publications/criticism/136/planets-and-dimensions%3A-collected-essays-%28hb%29

Smith, Clark Ashton. "The Weird Works of M. R. James," The Fantasy Fan: The Fan's Own Magazine, Hornig, Charles D. (editor). February 1934. Volume 1, Number 6. Accessed 27 April 2017. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/46616/46616-h/46616-h.htm

Stewart, Helen. "M. R. James and the Tradition of Christmas Ghost Stories." BBC Arts & Culture. 23 December 2013, accessed 26 April 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/0/25496655

"The Collected Ghost Stories of M. R. James." Wikipedia, accessed 24 April 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Collected_Ghost_Stories_of_M._R._James

 

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[i] Page viii.

[ii] Page vii.

[iii] Pages ix.

[iv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Gatiss

Books Jonelle Made Me Read **Special Edition** HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE.

Series Introduction

In this occasional series, I will be discussing books that a teenage girl (now a fourteen-year-old), Jonelle, invited me to read. And when I say "invited me to read," of course I mean "commanded me to read." For those of you who don't know her, she is a highly intelligent, sweet, precocious and fairly bossy young lady.

A large part of the reason why I read this book, and the other works that will be discussed in this blog series, is that I want to understand how teenagers think. These posts will not be a review of the book per se as much as an exploration of my random thoughts on the book.

How did I get myself into this?

***

…, and then, at last—

“Potter, Harry!”

As Harry stepped forward, whispers suddenly broke out like little hissing fires all over the hall.

“Potter, did she say?”

“The Harry Potter?”

The last thing Harry saw before the hat dropped over his eyes was the hall full of people craning to get a good look at him. Next second he was looking at the black inside of the hat. He waited.

“Hmm,” said a small voice in his ear. “Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind either. There’s talent, oh my goodness, yes — and a nice thirst to prove yourself, now that’s interesting… So where shall I put you?”

Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, Not Slytherin, not Slytherin.

“Not Slytherin, eh?” said the small voice. “Are you sure? You could be great, you know, its all here in your head, and Slytherin will help you on the way to greatness, no doubt about that — no? Well, if you’re sure — better be GRYFFINDOR!”

***

Books Jonelle Made Me Read **Special Edition**

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (1998) by J. K. Rowling.

Old Sins Cast Long Shadows is very pleased to announce that this episode of "Books Jonelle Made Me Read" is a **Special Edition** namely that Jessica made me read Harry Potter!

Jessica is another young lady (in her early twenties) who is far to smart for her own good! Not only did she make me read bloody Harry Potter, she gloated about it, too![i]

"I have been insisting for a very long time that Mr. Shiraishi take on the Harry Potter series. When I found out that he was doing a set of ongoing posts about books Jonelle asked (forced) him to read, I only became more motivated and insistent, asking (harassing) him every chance I got. "

*

Apart from this first Harry Potter book, I have neither read any of the novels nor seen any of the movies. I come to this entirely unprejudiced; except for the fact that I am older and bitter. I must be honest, however, I was fully prepared to allow my curmudgeonly self to pooh-pooh the whole thing.

However, to my great surprise, I liked it.[ii]

*

The first volume in this septology by J. K. Rowling was published in the U.K. in 1997 as Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was then published in the U.S. in 1998 under the slightly different Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The reasons for this difference and accompanying references are included in this Wikipedia article (link).

As an introduction to Rowling's Potter-verse, this volume succeeds admirably. The setting is, at the same time, both strange and familiar. I am relieved that Jessica agrees.

"This book . . . presents a wonderful introduction to Harry's new world. We get to experience his childlike wonder along with him during each new revelation, and feel his happiness as he discovers a place and a group of people that feel like a true home."

But Jessica has a markedly different emotional connection to the novels than I do. Coming to this work in my late middle age, I see Harry Potter as a charming children's story which addresses a few mature topics. For Jessica,

"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone is the book with which I really learned to read. I remember enjoying bedtime as a young child, waiting to find out what would happen in the next chapter and enjoying the silly voices my dad would use for the more colorful characters, Hagrid in particular."

I have no such connection.

*

What follows is a collection of thoughts and impressions of this work interspersed with related comments from Jessica.

*

I believe that the character of Harry Potter is written as an archetypal "hero" figure; very loosely along the lines of the character of Anakin Skywalker in the Star Wars Prequel trilogy. Both share aspects of the "hero" in common; both have mysterious origins; both share an extreme aptitude for flying. As well, both characters share a Cinderella-esque upbringing; initially serving as slave-servant to the greedy and unworthy. All this and more put me in mind of Joseph Campbell's The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Of those who have pondered Rowling's Harry Potter writings, some have noted how closely her works fit into Campbell's "hero" myth. I have been unable to find any instance where Rowling either confirmed or denied that she used Campbell's myth figure as inspiration or indeed, that she even ever read The Hero with a Thousand Faces.[iii] [iv]

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, when the story really begins, Harry is a boy of 11 years. It seems to me that this book's intended audience was meant to be boys and girls of around 11 years of age – just like Harry. Despite being younger than 11 at the time of her introduction to the novels, the impact they had were equally profound on a young Jessica; the effects reaching into her adult life even to today.

"As a child I remember reveling in the descriptions of the castle, the common room, Quidditch, the magic spells, and of course, the feasts. As an adult, I think this is one of the books that I enjoy more for its nostalgic appeal, but every time I re-read it, I continue to experience the excitement of knowing that I am about to embark on an epic adventure."

So, it occurred to me to wonder as the series progresses, will the writing progress as well? By this, I mean will the writing evolve from appealing to a child, to a teenager and, later still, from a teenager to an adult, as Harry himself grows? I am also curious to see whether Harry ages as each book is published. So, if there is a two year gap between the publication of one volume and the next, will Harry have aged two years as well?

As is typical with much YA (Young Adult) fiction, there are moral / ethical truisms presented within the story. For example, in the case of The Sorcerer's Stone, I believe the principal teachings striving to be reinforced are:

• stand with your friends and support them. Harry, Hermione and Ron stand with each other.
• don't judge a book by its cover. A harsh and unpleasant person may have a strong sense of honor (Snape); while a quiet, unpresuming figure may harbor the essence of a dark lord (Quirrell).

*

"Harry Potter, to me, is a best friend with whom you can immediately re-connect and be transported to the time when you were eagerly awaiting the next installment or devouring every detail of the wizarding world. This is always true for me no matter how many years go by, and sharing it with others brings me joy."

I have picked up the second and third volumes, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. I will tackle these two works together when I post my follow-up. I find it very interesting to note that there is a near doubling in size of the Harry Potter books following Azkaban. It is as if something happened between the third and fourth books that warranted such a change in size. We shall see.

I look forward to returning to my exploration of the Potter-verse in the future.

"I am endlessly excited that Mr. Shiraishi has started this series, and I'm looking forward to re-living the experience of Harry Potter through the eyes of a first time reader."

 

**

 

 

References

Print Resources

Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. New York: Scholastic Press, 1998.

Digital Resources

Online Resources

 

A correspondence from Jessica to Old Sins. Facebook Private Message. March 25, 2017.

MSN.com. Fry, Stephen, interviewer: J.K. Rowling at the Royal Albert Hall, 26 June 2003. Accessed 20 April 2017

http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2003/0626-alberthall-fry.htm

Wikipedia. "Harry Potter."

Accessed 11 April 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter

 

Wikipedia. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone."

Accessed 11 April 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone

 

Wikipedia. "The Hero with a Thousand Faces."

Accessed 14 April 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces

 

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[i] All quotations in this blog post are from Jessica, taken from a Private Message to me dated 25 March 2017.

[ii] No one was more surprised than myself. Jessica is going to be insufferable.

[iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces

[iv] Though I will wait to experience and consider a few more volumes before I decide whether to comment on this point as an apt connection to make or not.

A Brief Consideration of THE JEWEL OF SEVEN STARS by Bram Stoker.

In nineteenth-century supernatural horror, few horror authors command a more respected place than Bram Stoker. As well, few works of horror rank higher than his Dracula. However, deemed a close second to Dracula, Stoker's The Jewel of Seven Stars is a masterpiece of mystery, suspense and the weird.

*

I include Bram Stoker's The Jewel of Seven Stars in this exploration of nineteenth-century supernatural horror as Stoker's literary career crossed the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Though initially applied for copyright in the US in 1902, this work was published in the UK in 1903, then in the US in 1904. Because it was first published in 1903, this work of weird fiction is technically of the twentieth century and Edwardian.

Under consideration here is the US 1904 edition from Caldwell & Co.

*

In trying to understand this text, one of the first questions faced is whether this work concerns a mystery involving an Egyptologist or an Ancient Egyptian mystery? Both, as it turns out.

This novel reflected the time in which it was written very strongly. In England during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the culture was filled with a fascination of all things Ancient Egyptian. It was this same fascination combined with the certain belief that nothing could not be understood via modern science that lead to the basic premise of this work – using modern science to validate Ancient Egyptian magic!

The feeling of mystery, suspense and the "weird" permeates the entire work. For the first third to half, the novel reads like a mystery "who done it" with suspects and possible motives, even a Scotland Yard detective. The story of the titular ornament is only presented at about the mid-point of the work. Also, while there were a few very obscure hints as to what is really going on, it is much nearer the conclusion that the actual situation is revealed and only at the very conclusion that the possible supernatural element is introduced and resolved in rapid succession.

*

Once again, the Vintage Pop Fictions blog provides a superb summation of the book. A link out to the article is here.

There is an interesting side note to this novel which I was initially unaware of. In the 1903 original's conclusion, with the exception of the protagonist, Malcolm Ross, every other person dies. The novel ends with Malcolm discovering the body of his love, Margaret, her dead eyes open, horror on her face. There is no hope . . .

However, for its 1912 re-release, The Jewel of Seven Stars went through a significant revision. The entirety of Chapter 16 "Powers–Old and New" was cut. Also, it might be supposed that, with the romantic build-up between Malcolm and Margaret, the novel needed a more traditional happy ending. To that end, the last two pages of the novel were completely and utterly rewritten.

It was only with the publication of the Penguin Classics edition in 2008 that Chapter 16 was restored to the text. In this edition also, both the 1903 and 1912 endings were included for completeness and comparison.[i] Prior to the release of this 2008 Penguin edition, the only version in print and available outside of libraries and private collections, was the 1912 revised version.

*

There have been several movie adaptations of The Jewel of Seven Stars. There was Charleton Heston's The Awakening of 1980. Followed by John Carradine in 1986's The Tomb. And lastly in 1998, was Louis Gossett, Jr.'s Bram Stoker's Legend of the Mummy. But for me, the stand out, though maybe not the most accurate, film adaptation of The Jewel of Seven Stars was 1971's Blood from the Mummy's Tomb – a Hammer Film production.

A reviewer from 2009 comments "the #1 reason to watch Blood from the Mummy's Tomb is the lovely and talented Valerie Leon."[ii] A sentiment with which I could not agree more wholeheartedly. Whether portraying the innocent Margaret or the far-reaching Queen Tera, the statuesque Valerie Leon is quite good in this Hammer production.

*

I believe that it was rather propitious that The Jewel of Seven Stars is the current work which I choose for consideration. A recent post on this blog concerned Tales of Unease by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (link). Imagine my surprise when I came across a newspaper article – The World (New York) dated July 28, 1907 (link). In this article, Bram Stoker interviewed Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Apparently, the two gentlemen had been friends for years before the article and were fans of each others work! In a letter dated August 1897, Doyle wrote Stoker: "I write to tell you how very much I have enjoyed reading Dracula. I think it is the very best story of diablerie which I have read for many years."(link).

Conversely, it had been reported that Stoker was a Sherlock Holmes fan himself. He may have used the Holmes stories for inspiration in an early draft of Dracula. (link)

I knew that such a thing would never happen, but, based on the above, I can dream that this might have been actually a real Doyle / Stoker collaboration.

The fact that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Bram Stoker were friends just made my research into this book all the richer.

*

In my opinion, Bram Stoker's The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903 version) stands up well to its older brother, Dracula. While I do not know the justification for the changes made in the 1912 revision, I hold that they were not needed and in actuality took away from the work rather than improved it. The original is, in and of itself, a great work of weird fiction.

 

 

References

Digital Resources

 

Stoker, Bram. The Jewel of Seven Stars. PDF Edition.

http://www.bramstoker.org/novels/08stars.html

 

Stoker, Bram. The Jewel of Seven Stars. 2016. Kindle Edition.

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0082QTOTC/ref=kinw_myk_ro_title

Online Resources

Bramstoker.org. "Non-Fiction: Interviews by Stoker."

Accessed 26 March 2017.

http://www.bramstoker.org/nonfic/doyle.html

 

Chapman, Erin. Vamped.org. "Strigoi! Did Arthur Conan Doyle Really Know Bram Stoker?"

10 August 2016. Accessed 27 March 2017.

http://vamped.org/2016/08/10/strigoi-did-arthur-conan-doyle-really-know-bram-stoker/

 

Common Sense Movie Reviews. "Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971)"

December 2009 Accessed 26 March 2017.

http://commonsensemoviereviews.blogspot.com/2009/12/blood-from-mummys-tomb-1971_06.html

 

Vintage Pop Fictions. "Bram Stoker's The Jewel of Seven Stars."

5 September 2010 Accessed 26 March 2017.

http://vintagepopfictions.blogspot.com/2010/09/bram-stokers-jewel-of-seven-stars.html

 

Wikipedia. "Bram Stoker."

Accessed 26 March 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker

 

Wikipedia. "The Jewel of Seven Stars."

Accessed 26 March 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jewel_of_Seven_Stars

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[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jewel_of_Seven_Stars

[ii] Common Sense Movie Reviews. "Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971)"